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---
title: "Type level" utilities for an overly complicated feedreader
published: 2015-08-05
tags: Beuteltier
---
By popular (n=1) demand we will, in this post, be taking a look at
`beuteltier/Beuteltier/Types/Util.hs` the, creatively named, module providing some "type
level" utilities.
What I mean when I say "type level" is: additional instances (placed here when they
contain major design decisions and are not "Ord" or "Eq"), utilities not connected to
beuteltier itself (like the different flavours of `alter` below)
In contrast to the first, this post is straightforward enough to be read linearly.
> {-# LANGUAGE TypeSynonymInstances, FlexibleInstances #-}
>
> module Beuteltier.Types.Util
> ( -- * Constructing structures
> construct
> , construct'
> , alter
> , alter'
> -- * Dealing with 'ObjectGen's (here be dragons)
> , generateObject
> , liftGen
> -- * Equivalence on 'Object's (for nubbing)
> , Equivalent(..)
> -- * Operations on 'SearchQuery's
> , runQuery
> -- , runExpr
> ) where
>
> import Beuteltier.Types
> import Beuteltier.Types.Lenses
We make use of lenses (as provided by [lens](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/lens))
extensively.
We won´t dedicate a post to `beuteltier/Beuteltier/Types/Lenses.hs` because it consists
mostly of the canonical invocations of
[makeLenses](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/lens-4.12.3/docs/Control-Lens-TH.html#v:makeLenses).
> import Data.Default
>
> import Prelude hiding (sequence)
> import Data.Traversable (sequence)
>
> import Control.Lens
>
> import Control.Monad.State.Lazy hiding (sequence) -- Why is this exported?
>
> import Data.Map (Map)
> import qualified Data.Map as Map
>
> import Data.Hashable (Hashable(..), hashUsing)
>
> import Data.Monoid ((<>))
>
> import Data.Function (on)
> import Data.Maybe (mapMaybe)
>
> import Data.BoolExpr
Quite often we find ourselves in the position that we want to alter some small parts of a
complicated structure. We would therefore like to write the following:
~~~ {.haskell .numberLines}
updateFoo :: Monad m => Foo -> m Foo
updateFoo = alter $ do
bar <~ constructNewBarInM
buz .= makeConstantBuz
~~~
The definitions below allow us not only to do so, but also provide some convenience
functions for constructing entirely new values and performing both operations in a pure
context.
> alter :: Monad m => s -> StateT s m a -> m s
> -- ^ Alter a complex structure monodically
> alter = flip execStateT
>
> alter' :: s -> State s a -> s
> -- ^ Specialization of 'alter' to 'Identity'
> alter' s = runIdentity . alter s
>
> construct :: (Monad m, Default s) => StateT s m a -> m s
> -- ^ Compute a complex structure monadically
> construct = alter def
>
> construct' :: Default s => State s a -> s
> -- ^ Specialization of 'construct' to 'Identity'
> construct' = runIdentity . construct
Sometimes we just really want to translate an `ObjectGen` to an `Object`.
> generateObject :: Monad f => ObjectGen f -> f Object
> -- ^ Run an object generator.
> -- Use iff /all/ components of an object are needed /in RAM now/.
> generateObject gen = construct $ do
> content <- lift $ gen ^. oContent >>= sequence
> thunks <- lift $ gen ^. oThunks >>= sequence
> meta <- lift $ gen ^. oMeta
> oContent .= return (fmap return content)
> oThunks .= return (fmap return thunks)
> oMeta .= return meta
>
> liftGen :: Monad f => Object -> ObjectGen f
> -- ^ Lift an 'Object' to be an 'ObjectGen' in any 'Monad' by the power of 'return'
> liftGen obj = construct' $ do
> oContent .= return (Map.map return $ obj ^. oContent')
> oThunks .= return (map return $ obj ^. oThunks')
> oMeta .= return (obj ^. oMeta')
We expect implementations of `insert` to perform what we call nubbing. That is removal of
'Object's that are, in some sense, `Equivalent` to the new one we´re currently
inserting. Thus we provide a definition of what we mean, when we say `Equivalent`.
> class Equivalent a where
> (~~) :: a -> a -> Bool
>
> -- | Two 'Object's are equivalent iff their content is identical as follows:
> -- the set of 'SubObjectName's both promised and actually occurring is identical
> -- and all 'SubObject's that actually occurr and share a 'SubObjectName' are
> -- identical (as per '(==)')
> --
> -- Additionally we expect their 'Metadata' to be identical (as per '(==)')
> instance Equivalent Object where
> a ~~ b = (contentCompare `on` content) a b && ((==) `on` (^. oMeta')) a b
> where
> contentCompare :: (Ord k, Eq v) => Map k (Maybe v) -> Map k (Maybe v) -> Bool
> contentCompare a b = Map.foldl (&&) True $ Map.mergeWithKey combine setFalse setFalse a b
> combine _ a b = Just $ cmpMaybes a b
> setFalse = Map.map $ const False
>
> cmpMaybes Nothing _ = True
> cmpMaybes _ Nothing = True
> cmpMaybes (Just a) (Just b) = a == b
To speed up nubbing we also provide a quick way to "cache results". To make caching
meaningful we of course expect the following to hold:
~~~
a ~~ b ⇒ (hash a) == (hash b)
~~~
Note that we do not expect the converse to hold. We will thus require a second pass over
all objects sharing a hash to determine true equivalency.
> -- | Two 'Object's´ hashes are a first indication of whether they are 'Equivalent'
> instance Hashable Object where
> hashWithSalt = hashUsing $ \a -> (a ^. oMeta', Map.keys $ content a)
>
> content :: Object -> Map SubObjectName (Maybe SubObject)
> content obj = promised obj <> actual obj
> actual :: Object -> Map SubObjectName (Maybe SubObject)
> actual = fmap Just . (^. oContent')
> promised :: Object -> Map SubObjectName (Maybe SubObject)
> promised = Map.fromList . map (\n -> (n, Nothing)) . concat . promises
> promises :: Object -> [[SubObjectName]]
> promises = mapMaybe (^. tPromises) . (^. oThunks')
Evaluating a `SearchQuery` against an `ObjectGen` is, due to the structure of elementary
`SearchQuery`s quite straightforward.
> runQuery :: Monad f => SearchQuery f -> ObjectGen f -> f Bool
> -- ^ Run a 'SearchQuery' against an 'ObjectGen'
> runQuery query obj = liftM reduceBoolExpr $ sequence $ fmap ($ obj) query
>
> -- runExpr :: Monad f => ObjectGen f -> Predicate f -> f Bool
> -- -- ^ Run a 'Predicate' (»an atomic 'SearchQuery'«) against an 'ObjectGen'
> -- runExpr obj (Prim f) = f obj
> -- runExpr obj (Meta f) = liftM f (obj ^. oMeta)
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